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Shi Shen
Shi Shen (, fl. 4th century BC) was a Chinese astronomer and contemporary of Gan De born in the State of Wei, also known as the Shi Shenfu.〔His courtesy name is written differently in sources; in Hanshu 30 his name was listed as Shi Shenfu (石申夫), Shi Shenfu (石申甫) as in Old Book of Tang 51, and Shi Shenfu (石申父) under a commentary in Hou Hanshu 100. Though he was simply known as Shi Shen under Shiji 27.〕
==Observations==
Shi is credited with positioning the 121 stars found in the preserved texts.〔Milone, Eugene F. Humiston Kelley, David. Exploring Ancient Skies: An Encyclopedic Survey of Archaeoastronomy. () (2005). ISBN 0-387-95310-8〕 Shen also made the earliest surviving undated record 〔The first dated record of sunspot came from Hanshu 27 which was observed on 10 May 28 BC.〕 of sunspot observation, which is sometimes erroneously credited to Gan De. He assumed that these spots were eclipses that began at the center of the sun and spread outward. Although he was wrong, he recognised the spots for what they were – solar phenomena.〔Kaiyuan Zhanjing Vol. 6.〕
His works included the 8-volume ''Astronomy'',〔a.k.a. the Shi's Treatise on Stars.〕 the one-volume ''Celestial Map'' and the one-volume ''Star Catalogue of Shi''.〔Suishu 34 listed three of his works together, the ''Tianwen'' (天文), ''Huntian Tu'' (浑天图) and ''Shishi Xingbu Jingzan'' (石氏星簿经赞) a.k.a. ''Shishi Xingjing Buzan'' (石氏星经簿赞).〕 The latter two are now believed to be written by his school followers. Most of his works did not survive intact, but a few of his crucial writings were preserved in the Treatise on Astrology of the Kaiyuan Era.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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